ENGLISH VERSION

ZESZYT 378

The effect of the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and lupine seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) infrared radiation on their nutritional value and efficiency in broiler chicken rearing 
zeszyt 378, ss. 108

The study analyzed for the first time in such a wide range the impact of infrared radiation on the chemical composition and nutritional value of legume seeds.

The aim of the present work was to analyze the effect of infrared radiation on the chemical composition and nutritional value of faba bean and narrow leaf lupine seeds, as well as to determine  production performance and metabolic indices in Ross 308 broiler chickens fed diets containing legume seeds.

The process of infrared radiation was performed on faba bean seeds (var. Albus) and narrow leaf lupine seeds (var. Zeus) at three temperatures: 90, 130 and 180○C and for five times: 30, 60, 90, 130 and 180 s. Both the material exposed to radiation and raw material were used to determine their basic chemical composition, detergent fiber fractions, amino acid composition of protein, the composition of fatty acids, as well as the content of trypsin and tannin inhibitors (faba bean and blue lupine), phenols (faba bean) and total alkaloids (blue lupine).
Diets for broiler chickens were supplemented with faba bean seeds (experiment I) radiated in the environment of 130○C/60 s and with narrow leaf lupine (experiment II) seeds radiated in the temperature 130○C and time 30 s. Control groups were fed with standard diets with a share of extruded soy bean meal (SBM) as a protein feed (KI, KII). The share of radiated legume seeds was established at the level which would cover the amount of protein introduced into the mixture with protein feeds, at the level of 50% (groups Ia and IIa) or 100% (groups Ib and IIb). The body mass and feed consumption were monitored during the analyses. The tissues were used to determine their content of the basic nutrients. The values of biochemical and hematological indices of the blood were determined.

Exposing faba bean and narrow leaf lupine seeds to infrared radiation resulted in a reduced amount and diminished biological values of protein (EAAI). At the same time the capacity of dissolution decreased. The dietary fiber fraction in the radiated legume seeds revealed a reduced content of ADF with a simultaneous increase in the NDF fraction. Infrared radiation resulted in a reduced content of starch in the analyzed seeds, which was probably related to the process of its gelatinization. The profile of fatty acids revealed the phenomenon of saturation due to which the amount of SFA increased at the expense of UFA. Infrared radiation caused the production of trans acids. The analyzed parameters of exposing legume seeds to radiation resulted in a lower content of trypsin and tannin inhibitors.

The optimal results indicate 130○C and 60 s for faba bean seeds as well as 130○C and 30 s for lupine as the optimal parameters of infrared irradiation. 
A share of faba bean (group I) and narrow leaf lupine (group II) seeds added into the mixtures resulted in production and slaughter performance similar to the parameters obtained in the groups of birds fed a standard mixture containing soybean meal. On the other hand, replacing soybean meal completely with faba bean and narrow leaf lupine seeds significantly lowered these parameters. The addition of radiated legume seeds to the mixtures resulted in a higher content of total protein, glucose and TG in blood plasma. Chickens in the group Ib revealed a significantly higher level of CHOL and HDL, and HDL in the group IIb. ALT activity was significantly higher in the blood of the birds in the group Ia, AST – in the groups Ib, IIb and KI II, while LDH was higher in the groups IIa and KII.
The results show that addition of a 50% share of radiated faba bean and narrow leaf lupine to the total pool of feedstuffs may be treated as an equivalent of soybean meal in feed mixtures for broiler chickens.